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動詞 (Verb)

用法解釋

什麼是動詞 (verbs)?

動詞是表示動作或存在狀態的詞。

 

四種動詞形式

動詞的基本形式可見於 to + verb.

 

動詞有四種形式：現在式，現在分詞，過去式和過去分詞。我們通常將不同的後綴添加到單詞的基本形式，以創建不同的形式。

 

		現在式 Present form	現在分詞 Present participle	過去式 Past form	過去分詞 Past participle
工作	To work	I work. He works.	I am working	I worked.	I have worked.
問	To ask	I ask. He asks.	I am asking.	I asked.	I have asked.
去	To go	I go. He goes.	I am going.	I went.	I have gone.
學習	To study	I study. He studies.	I am studying.	I studied.	I have studied.
坐	To sit	I sit. He sits.	I am sitting.	I sat.	I have sat.
付款	To pay	I pay. He pays/	I am paying.	I paid.	I paid.
丟	To throw	I throw. He throws.	I am throwing.	I threw.	I have thrown.
唱	To sing	I sing. He sings.	I am singing.	I sang.	I have sung.
拿	To take	I take. He takes.	I am taking.	I took.	I have taken.
跑	To run	I run. He runs.	I am running.	I ran.	I have run.
食	To eat	I eat. He eats.	I am eating.	I ate.	I have eaten.
教	To teach	I teach. He teaches.	I am teaching.	I taught.	I have taught.
跌	To fall	I fall. He falls.	I am falling.	I fell.	I have fallen.
讀	To read	I read. He reads.	I am reading.	I read.	I have read.
剪	To cut	I cut. He cuts.	I am cutting.	I cut.	I have cut.

 

現在式Present form

我們在動詞上添加-s / -es以創建第三人稱單數形式。我們將這種形式與他，她和它 (he, she, it) 一起使用。

 

例子：

• She goes to school by bus. (她乘公共汽車去學校。)
• The dog jumps high. (狗跳得很高。)

 

現在分詞 Present participle form

我們通常在動詞上添加-ing來創建當前分詞形式。我們將這種形式與be一起使用，其變體如is, am, are。

 

例子：

• I am swimming in the sea. (我在海裡游泳。)
• He is playing tennis. (他正在打網球。)
• The ball is bouncing along the road. (球在路上彈跳。)

 

過去式 Past form

我們通常在動詞上添加-ed以創建過去式。

 

例子：

• I went to school yesterday. (我昨天上學了。)
• He loved Amy when he was young. (他年少時愛Amy。)
• My grandpa planted the tree before he retired. (我祖父退休前種了這顆樹。)

 

過去分詞 Past participle form

對於大多數動詞，它們的過去形式和過去分詞形式都是相同的，例如 worked, asked, happened, paid, and brought。

但是，部分動詞有其他一些變化，例如 thrown, sung, taken, eaten, gone and run。

不同的動詞形式以不同的時態使用。有關更多信息，請查閱相關章節。

 

動詞類型

 

行為動詞 Action verbs

我們使用動作動詞來顯示動作，包括身體和心理動作。

 

例子：

• He eats the apple. (他吃了蘋果。)
• I am taking taxi to work. (我正在乘出租車去上班。)
• You brought lunchboxes for me yesterday. (你昨天為我帶來了飯盒。)
• The dog has grown bigger in the past few months. (這隻狗在過去幾個月中變大了。)

 

存在的動詞 Verbs of being

我們使用不同形式的 ‘be’ (is, are, was, were, has/have/had been, will be) 來顯示生存狀態。

 

例子：

• She is tall. (她很高。)
• The kids are very naughty. (孩子們很調皮。)
• Amy was sick last month. (Amy上個月生病了。)
• I have been waiting for you for an hour. (我已經等你一個小時了。)
• You will be meeting Ben in the classroom. (您將在教室與Ben會面。)

 

鏈接動詞 Linking verbs

我們使用鏈接動詞來鏈接主題及其補語。常見的例子包括與五種感官有關的動詞，例如 look, sound, smell, feel, taste。其他一些連接動詞反映了存在的狀態，例如 appear, seem, become, grow, turn, remain.

 

例子：

• The cake smells good. (蛋糕聞起來很香。)
• Amy looks thinner after learning yoga. (學習完瑜伽後，Amy看起來更瘦了。)
• You will become a teacher when you grow up. (你長大後會成為老師。)
• Apples turn red when ripe. (蘋果成熟時變紅。)

 

動詞短語 Phrasal verbs

 

我們將動詞與另一個詞或短語(通常是介詞)結合使用，以構成短語動詞(phrasal verb)。這種組合產生了一個新的動詞，可能帶有其他含義。

	動詞短語 Phrasal verb	含義 Meaning	例子Example
繼續	Went on	Proceed	You should went on and complete the task.
等	Hold up	Wait	Please hold up a minute, I will answer your question as soon as possible.
四處看	Look around	Search	Amy is looking around for her lost dog.
(在書中) 找	Look up	Find something in a book	You can look up page 10 of the book for the answer.
填	Fill in	Complete a form	Please fill in the questionnaire.
放棄	Give up	Stop a habit, activity or job	Never give up on your interest.

 

Some phrasal verbs have no object

	動詞短語 Phrasal verb	例子 Example
回來	Come back	Come back after you submit your form.
進來	Come in	Remember to knock the door before coming in.
走開	Go away	Please go away. I want to stay alone.
快點	Hurry up	Hurry up! The bus has arrived!
起床	Wake up	I often wake up early.
小心	Look out	Look out! The dog is attacking us!